The DNA within our cells is continually being exposed to DNA-damaging agents. These include UV (Ultraviolet Light), natural and man-made mutagenic chemicals, ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) generated by IR (Ionizing Radiation), replication of ssDNA (single stranded DNA) breaks, mechanical stress on the chromosomes or by processes such as redox cycling by heavy metal ions and radio-mimetic drugs. Of the various forms of damage that are inflicted by these mutagens, probably the most dangerous is the DNA DSB (Double-Strand Break). DNA DSBs are generated when the two complementary strands of the DNA double helix are broken simultaneously at sites that are sufficiently so close to one another that base pairing and chromatin structure are insufficient to keep the two DNA ends juxtaposed. As [...]