E. coli (Escherichia coli) is one of the main species of bacteria that live in the lower intestines of warm-blooded animals, including birds and mammals. They are necessary for the proper digestion of food and are a part of the intestinal flora. Its presence in groundwater is a common indicator of fecal contamination. Technically, the “coliform group” is defined to be all the aerobic and facultative anaerobic, non-spore-forming, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that ferment lactose with the production of gas within 48 hours at room temperature (Ref.1). Structurally, a Gram-negative prokaryotic cell has the following architectural regions; appendages in the form of flagella and pili (or fimbriae); a cell envelope consisting of a capsule (a layer of polysaccharide) and/or outer membrane [...]