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Description |
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Glutathione is a sulfhydryl (-SH) antioxidant, antitoxin, and enzyme cofactor.
It is ubiquitous in animals, plants, and microorganisms, and being water soluble
is found mainly in the cell cytosol and other aqueous phases of the living
system. Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of Glutamate, Cysteine and Glycine
that has numerous important functions within cells. Glutathione is
homeostatically controlled, both inside the cell and outside. It often attains
millimolar levels inside cells, which makes it one of the most highly
concentrated intracellular antioxidants. Glutathione exists in two forms. The
antioxidant "reduced Glutathione" tripeptide is conventionally called
Glutathione and abbreviated Gsh; the oxidized form is a sulfur-sulfur linked
compound, known as Glutathione Disulfide or GSSG. The GSSG/Gsh ratio may be a
sensitive [...] |
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References:
1. Kinetic mechanism of glutathione synthetase from Arabidopsis thaliana.Jez JM, Cahoon RE.J Biol Chem. 2004 Oct 8; 279(41):42726-31.2. Evidence for a direct link between glutathione biosynthesis and stress defense gene expression in Arabidopsis.Ball L, Accotto GP, Bechtold U, Creissen G, Funck D, Jimenez A, Kular B, Leyland N, Mejia-Carranza J, Reynolds H, Karpinski S, Mullineaux PM.Plant Cell. 2004 Sep; 16(9):2448-62.
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