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Description |
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Glutathione is a sulfhydryl (-SH) antioxidant, antitoxin, and enzyme cofactor.
It is ubiquitous in animals, plants, and microorganisms, and being water soluble
is found mainly in the cell cytosol and other aqueous phases of the living
system. Glutathione is a tripeptide composed of Glutamate, Cysteine and Glycine
that has numerous important functions within cells. It is homeostatically
controlled, both inside the cell and outside and often attains millimolar levels
inside cells, which makes it one of the most highly concentrated intracellular
antioxidants. Glutathione exists in two forms. The antioxidant "reduced
Glutathione" tripeptide is conventionally called Glutathione and abbreviated
Gsh; the oxidized form is a sulfur-sulfur linked compound, known as Glutathione
Disulfide or GSSG. The GSSG/Gsh ratio may be a sensitive [...] |
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References:
1. Structure, function and evolution of glutathione transferases: implications for classification of non-mammalian members of an ancient enzyme superfamily.Sheehan D, Meade G, Foley VM, Dowd CA.Biochem J. 2001 Nov 15; 360(Pt 1):1-16.2. Genome sequence of Silicibacter pomeroyi reveals adaptations to the marine environment.Moran MA, Buchan A, Gonzalez JM, Heidelberg JF, Whitman WB, Kiene RP Henriksen JR, King GM, Belas R, Fuqua C, Brinkac L, Lewis M, Johri S, Weaver B, Pai G, Eisen JA, Rahe E, Sheldon WM, Ye W, Miller TR, Carlton J, Rasko DA, Paulsen IT, Ren Q, Daugherty SC, Deboy RT, Dodson RJ, Durkin AS, Madupu R, Nelson WC, Sullivan SA, Rosovitz MJ, Haft DH, Selengut J, Ward N.Nature. 2004 Dec 16; 432(7019):910-3.
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