B. longum (Bifidobacterium longum) is among the first colonizers of the sterile digestive tract of newborns and predominate in breast-fed infants. Bifidobacteria including B. longum are Gram-positive, anaerobic and branched rod-shaped bacteria that naturally colonize in the human gastrointestinal tract and vagina. These are beneficial bacteria that contribute to digestion, immunity promotion and inhibition of pathogens, and production of vitamins (Ref.1). The ability to scavenge from a large variety of nutrients likely contributes to the competitiveness and persistence of Bifidobacteria in the colon. Bifidobacteria metabolize nucleotides, some key vitamins and all amino acids (which is evident from the cell wall composition of B. longum that contains both D- and L-Amino acids). These metabolic processes are essential for the production of [...]