The ability of a cell to respond specifically to various external and internal signals plays an essential role in regulating gene expression, differentiation, and cell death. Most often, the cellular responses to various stimuli involve transduction of signals received by specific receptors to defined targets that elicit specific responses in distinct cellular compartments. HMGB1 (High Mobility Group-B1), a member of the high-mobility group protein superfamily, with a molecular mass of ~27 kilodaltons and devoid of any enzymatic activity, has the ability to signal to many cellular targets in different cellular compartments and to affect several distinct and apparently unrelated biological pathways (Ref.1). HMGB1, also called Amphoterin, is almost ubiquitous and only 10 times less abundant than core histones, at 106 [...]