Eukaryotic cells are characterized by extensive subcellular compartmentation whose structural basis is the existence of a number of highly specialized membrane-bound organelles. Each of these organelles is equipped with a specific subset of proteins allowing them to fulfill specific tasks in cellular metabolism. Mitochondria are present in virtually all eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria are the compartments responsible for respiration and oxidative phosphorlyation. They are made up of two highly specialized membrane systems, the OM (Outer Membrane) and IM (Inner Membrane), and two aqueous compartments, the Matrix and the IMS (Intermembrane Space). More than 90% of the mitochondrial proteins are encoded on the nuclear DNA and then synthesized as precursors on cytosolic ribosomes after which they must be imported into the organelle. [...]