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PKC-Theta Pathway An effective immune response depends on the ability of specialized immunocytes to identify foreign molecules and respond by differentiation into mature effector cells. A cell-surface antigen recognition apparatus and a complex intracellular receptor-coupled signal-transducing machinery mediate this tightly regulated process, which operate at high fidelity to discriminate self from nonself antigens. Activation of T-Cell requires sustained physical interaction of the TCR (T-Cell Receptor) with a MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex)–presented peptide antigen that results in a temporal and spatial reorganization of multiple cellular elements at the T-Cell–Antigen Presenting Cell contact region, a specialized region referred to as the IS (Immunological Synapse) or Supramolecular Activation Cluster. Recent studies have identified more
BioAnimations
Apoptosis
Apoptosis is a cell suicide mechanism that controls cell number in tissues and eliminate cancerous cells. Death Receptors present on the surface of certain cells detect the presence of extracellular death signals and ignite the cell's intrinsic apoptosis machinery. Cytotoxic T cell with Fas ligand binds and activates the Fas receptor on target cell, which interacts with FADD (Fas-Associated Death Domain). FADD activates Caspase8, which further activates Caspase3. Activated BAX within the mitochondrial membrane leads to creation of membrane pores, resulting in release of Cytochrome-C into the cytosol. Cytochrome-C along with APAF1 and Procaspase9 form the apoptosome, which activates Caspase9, leading to activation of downstream effector Caspases. Caspase3 cleaves several substrates, thus causing apoptosis. This animation illustrates the detailed process of apoptosis by extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.
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ProteinLounge Animation
Biotech News
Hidden UpdatePanel, which is used to receive the new dock controls. We will move them with script to the desired initial dock zone.
 
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